Marine Orders Part 28 requires chief engineers and all persons engaged on watchkeeping duties to observe the standards and guidance regarding watchkeeping set out in Sections A-VIII/2 and B-VIII/2 of the STCW Code. The former is set out in full in Section 1 and the latter in Section 2. The objective is to ensure that a safe continuous watch or watches appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions are maintained in all seagoing ships at all times.
The term engineering watch means either a person or a group of personnel comprising the watch or a period of responsibility for an officer during which the physical presence in machinery spaces of that officer may or may not be required. The officer in charge of the engineering watch is the chief engineer officer’s representative and is primarily responsible, at all times, for the safe and efficient operation and upkeep of machinery affecting the safety of the ship and is responsible for the inspection, operation and testing, as required, of all machinery and equipment under the responsibility of the engineering watch.
1. Certification
The officer in charge of the engineering watch must be qualified in accordance with the provisions of Marine
Orders, Part 3 (Seagoing Qualifications) appropriate to the duties related to engineering watchkeeping.
2.Voyage Planning
The chief engineer officer shall, in consultation with the master, determine in advance the needs of the intended voyage, taking into consideration the requirements for fuel, water, lubricants, chemicals, expendable and other spare parts, tools, supplies and any other requirements.
Watchkeeping at Sea
3.1 General principles
3.1.1 Companies, chief engineer officers and watchkeeping personnel must observe the following principles to ensure that safe watches are maintained at all times.
3.1.2 The chief engineer officer of every ship is bound, in consultation with the master, to ensure that
watchkeeping arrangements are adequate to maintain a safe engineering watch.
3.2 Protection of marine environment
Engineer officers and ratings must be aware of the serious effects of operational or accidental pollution of the marine environment and shall take all possible precautions to prevent such pollution, particularly within the framework of relevant international and port regulations.
3.3 Watch arrangements
3.3.1 The composition of the engineering watch shall, at all times, be adequate to ensure the safe operation of all machinery affecting the operation of the ship, in either automated or manual mode and be appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and conditions.
3.3.2 When deciding the composition of the engineering watch, which may include appropriately qualified ratings, the following criteria, inter alia, must be taken into account:
(a) the type of ship and the type and condition of the machinery;
(b) the adequate supervision, at all times, of machinery affecting the safe operation of the ship;
(c) any special modes of operation dictated by conditions such as weather, ice, contaminated water, shallow water, emergency conditions, damage containment or pollution abatement;
(d) the qualifications and experience of the engineering watch;
(e) the safety of life, ship, cargo and port, and protection of the environment;
(f) the observance of international, national and local regulations; and
(g) maintaining the normal operations of the ship.
3.4 Taking over the watch
3.4.1 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall not hand over the watch to the relieving officer if there is reason to believe that the latter is obviously not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, in which case the chief engineer officer must be notified.
3.4.2 The relieving officer of the engineering watch shall ensure that the other members of the relieving engineering watch, if any, are apparently fully capable of performing their duties effectively.
3.4.3 Prior to taking over the engineering watch, relieving officers shall satisfy themselves regarding at least the following:
(a) the standing orders and special instructions of the chief engineer officer relating to the operation of the ship’s systems and machinery;
(b) the nature of all work being performed on machinery and systems, the personnel involved and potential
hazards;
(c) the level and, where applicable, the condition of water or residues in bilges, ballast tanks, slop tanks, reserve tanks, fresh water tanks, sewage tanks and any special requirements for use or disposal of the contents thereof;
(d) the condition and level of fuel in the reserve tanks, settling tank, day tank and other fuel storage facilities;
(e) any special requirements relating to sanitary system disposals;
(f) condition and mode of operation of the various main and auxiliary systems, including the electrical power distribution system;
(g) where applicable, the condition of monitoring and control console equipment, and which equipment is being operated manually;
(h) where applicable, the condition and mode of operation of automatic boiler controls such as flame safeguard control systems, limit control systems, combustion control systems, fuel-supply control systems and other equipment related to the operation of steam boilers;
(i) any potentially adverse conditions resulting from bad weather, ice, contaminated or shallow water;
(j) any special modes of operation dictated by equipment failure or adverse ship conditions;
(k) the reports of engine-room ratings, relating to their assigned duties;
(l) the availability of fire-fighting appliances; and
(m) the state of completion of engine-room log.
3.5 Performing the watch
3.5.1 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that the established watchkeeping arrangements are maintained and that under direction, engine-room ratings, if forming part of the engineering watch, assist in the safe and efficient operation of the propulsion machinery and auxiliary equipment.
3.5.2 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall continue to be responsible for machinery space
operations, despite the presence of the chief engineer officer in the machinery spaces, until specifically
informed that the chief engineer officer has assumed that responsibility and this is mutually understood.
3.5.3 All members of the engineering watch shall be familiar with their assigned watchkeeping duties. In
addition, every member must with respect to the ship they are serving in have knowledge of:
(a) the use of appropriate internal communication systems;
(b) the escape routes from machinery spaces;
(c) the engine-room alarm systems and be able to distinguish between the various alarms with special reference to the fire-extinguishing media alarm; and
(d) the number, location and types of fire-fighting equipment and damage-control gear in the machinery
spaces, together with their use and the various safety precautions to be observed.
3.5.4 Any machinery not functioning properly, expected to malfunction or requiring special service, shall be noted along with any action already taken. Plans shall be made for any further action if required.
3.5.5 When the machinery spaces are in the manned condition, the officer in charge of the engineering watch
shall at all times be readily capable of operating the propulsion equipment in response to needs for changes in direction or speed.
3.5.6 When the machinery spaces are in the periodic unmanned condition, the designated duty officer in charge of the engineering watch must be immediately available and on call to attend the machinery spaces.
3.5.7 All bridge orders shall be promptly executed. Changes in direction or speed of the main propulsion units shall be recorded. The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that the main propulsion unit controls, when in the manual mode of operation, are continuously attended under stand-by or manoeuvring conditions.
3.5.8 Due attention shall be paid to the ongoing maintenance and support of all machinery, including mechanical, electrical, electronic, hydraulic and pneumatic systems, their control apparatus and associated safety equipment, all accommodation service systems equipment and the recording of stores and spare gear usage.
3.5.9 The chief engineer officer shall ensure that the officer in charge of the engineering watch is informed of all preventive maintenance, damage control, or repair operations to be performed during the engineering watch. The officer in charge of the engineering watch is responsible for the isolation, by passing and adjustment of all machinery under the responsibility of the engineering watch that is to be worked on, and shall record all work carried out.
3.5.10 When the engine-room is put in a stand-by condition, the officer in charge of the engineering watch must ensure that all machinery and equipment which may be used during manoeuvring is in a state of immediate readiness and that an adequate reserve of power is available for steering gear and other requirements.
3.5.11 Officers in charge of an engineering watch shall not be assigned or undertake any duties which would
interfere with their supervisory duties in respect of the main propulsion system and ancillary equipment. They
shall keep the main propulsion plant and auxiliary systems under constant supervision until properly relieved,
and must periodically inspect the machinery in their charge. They shall also ensure that adequate rounds of the machinery and steering gear spaces are made for the purpose of observing and reporting equipment malfunctions or breakdowns, performing or directing routine adjustments, required upkeep and any other necessary tasks.
3.5.12 Officers in charge of an engineering watch shall direct any other member of the engineering watch to inform them of potentially hazardous conditions which may adversely affect the machinery or jeopardize the safety of life or of the ship.
3.5.13 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that the machinery space watch is supervised, and must arrange for substitute personnel in the event of the incapacity of any engineering watch personnel. The engineering watch shall not leave the machinery spaces unsupervised in a manner that would prevent the manual operation of the engine-room plant or throttles.
3.5.14 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall take the action necessary to contain the effects of damage resulting from equipment breakdown, fire, flooding, rupture, collision, stranding, or other cause.
3.5.15 Before going off duty, the officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that all events related to the main and auxiliary machinery which have occurred during the engineering watch are suitably recorded.
3.5.16 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall co-operate with any engineer in charge of maintenance work during all preventive maintenance, damage control or repairs. This includes but is not necessarily limited to:
(a) isolating and bypassing machinery to be worked on;
(b) adjusting the remaining plant to function adequately and safely during the maintenance period;
(c) recording, in the engine-room log or other suitable document, the equipment worked on and the personnel involved, and which safety steps have been taken and by whom, for the benefit of relieving officers and for record purposes; and
(d) testing and putting into service, when necessary, the repaired machinery or equipment.
3.5.17 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that if there are any engine room ratings who perform maintenance duties they are available if required to assist in the manual operation of machinery in the event of automatic equipment failure.
3.5.18 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall bear in mind that changes in speed, resulting from
machinery malfunction, or any loss of steering, may imperil the safety of the ship and life at sea. The bridge
shall be immediately notified, in the event of fire, and of any impending action in machinery spaces that may
cause reduction in the ship’s speed, imminent steering failure, stoppage of the ship’s propulsion system or any alteration in the generation of electric power or similar threat to safety. This notification, where possible, must be accomplished before changes are made, in order to afford the bridge the maximum available time to take whatever action is possible to avoid a potential marine casualty.
3.5.19 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall notify the chief engineer officer without delay:
(a) when engine damage or a malfunction occurs which may be such as to endanger the safe operation of the ship;
(b) when any malfunction occurs which, it is believed, may cause damage or breakdown of propulsion machinery, auxiliary machinery or monitoring and governing systems; and
(c) in any emergency or if in any doubt as to what decision or measures to take.
3.5.20 Despite the requirement to notify the chief engineer officer in the foregoing circumstances, the officer
in charge of the engineering watch shall not hesitate to take immediate action for the safety of the ship, its machinery and crew where circumstances require.
3.5.21 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall give the other watchkeeping personnel, if any,
all appropriate instructions and information which will ensure the keeping of a safe engineering watch. Routine machinery upkeep, performed as incidental tasks as a part of keeping a safe watch, shall be set up as an integral part of the watch routine. Detailed repair maintenance involving repairs to electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic or applicable electronic equipment throughout the ship shall be performed with the cognizance of the officer in charge of the engineering watch and chief engineer officer. These repairs shall be recorded.
3.6 Watchkeeping under different conditions and indifferent areas
Restricted visibility
3.6.1 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that permanent air or steam pressure is available for sound signals and that at all times bridge orders relating to changes in speed or direction of operation are immediately implemented and, in addition, that auxiliary machinery used for manoeuvring is readily available.
Coastal and congested waters
3.6.2 The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that all machinery involved with the manoeuvring of the ship can immediately be placed in the manual mode of operation when notified that the ship is in congested waters. The officer in charge of the engineering watch shall also ensure that an adequate reserve of power is available for steering and other manoeuvring requirements. Emergency steering and other auxiliary equipment must be ready for immediate operation.
Ship at anchor
3.6.3.1 At an unsheltered anchorage the chief engineer officer shall consult with the master whether or not to
maintain the same engineering watch as when underway.
3.6.3.2 When a ship is at anchor in an open roadstead or any other virtually “at sea” condition, the engineer officer in charge of the engineering watch shall ensure that:
(a) an efficient engineering watch is kept;
(b) periodic inspection is made of all operating and stand by machinery;
(c) main and auxiliary machinery is maintained in a state of readiness in accordance with orders from the bridge;
(d) measures are taken to protect the environment from pollution by the ship, and that applicable pollution prevention regulations are complied with; and
(e) all damage control and fire fighting systems are in readiness.
4 Watchkeeping in Port
4.1 General principles
4.1.1 On any ship safely moored or safely at anchor under normal circumstances in port, the master shall arrange for an appropriate and effective watch to be maintained for the purpose of safety. Special requirements may be necessary for special types of ships’ propulsion systems or ancillary equipment and for ships carrying hazardous, dangerous, toxic or highly flammable materials or otherspecial types of cargo.
4.1.2 The chief engineer officer, in consultation with the master, must ensure that engineering watchkeeping
arrangements are adequate to maintain a safe engineering watch while in port. When deciding the composition of the engineering watch, which may include appropriate engine-room ratings, the following points are among those to be taken into account:
(a) on all ships of 750 kW propulsion power and over there shall always be an officer in charge of the engineering watch; and
(b) officers, while in charge of an engineering watch, must not be assigned or undertake any task or duty which would interfere with their supervisory duty in respect of the ship’s machinery system.
Note: The STCW Code defines propulsion power as the total maximum continuous rated output power in
kilowatts of all the ship’s main propulsion machinery which appears on the ship’s certificate of registry or other official document.
4.2 Taking over the watch
4.2.1 Officers in charge of the engineering watch shall not hand over the watch to their relieving officer if they
have any reason to believe that the latter is obviously not capable of carrying out watchkeeping duties effectively, in which case the chief engineer must be notified accordingly. Relieving officers of the engineering watch must ensure that all members of their watch are apparently fully capable of performing their duties effectively.
4.2.2 If, at the moment of handing over the engineering watch, an important operation is being performed it must be concluded by the officer being relieved, except when ordered otherwise by the chief engineer officer.
4.2.3 Prior to taking over the engineering watch, the relieving officer must be informed by the officer in charge of the engineering watch as to:
(a) the standing orders of the day, any special orders relating to the ship operations, maintenance functions, repairs to the ship’s machinery or control equipment;
(b) the nature of all work being performed on machinery and systems on board ship, personnel involved and
potential hazards;
(c) the level and condition, where applicable, of water or residue in bilges, ballast tanks, slop tanks, sewage
tanks, reserve tanks and special requirements for the use or disposal of the contents thereof;
(d) any special requirements relating to sanitary system disposals;
(e) the condition and state of readiness of portable fireextinguishing equipment and fixed fire-extinguishing installations and fire-detection systems;
(f) authorized repair personnel on board engaged in engineering activities, their work locations and repair functions and other authorized persons on board and the required crew;
(g) any port regulations pertaining to ship effluents, firefighting requirements and ship readiness, particularly during potential bad weather conditions;
(h) the lines of communication available between the ship and shore personnel, including port authorities, in the event of an emergency arising or assistance being required;
(i) any other circumstance of importance to the safety of the ship, its crew, cargo or the protection of the environment from pollution; and
(j) the procedures for notifying the appropriate authority of environmental pollution resulting from engineering
activities.
4.2.4 Relieving officers, before assuming charge of the engineering watch, shall satisfy themselves that they are fully informed by the officer being relieved, as outlined above, and:
(a) be familiar with existing and potential sources of power, heat and lighting and their distribution;
(b) know the availability and condition of ship’s fuel, lubricants and all water supplies; and
(c) be ready to prepare the ship and its machinery, as far as is possible, for stand-by or emergency conditions as required.
4.3 Performing the watch
4.3.1 Officers in charge of the engineering watch shall pay particular attention to:
(a) the observance of all orders, special operating procedures and regulations concerning hazardous conditions and their prevention in all areas in their charge;
(b) the instrumentation and control systems, monitoring of all power supplies, components and systems in operation;
(c) the techniques, methods and procedures necessary to prevent violation of the pollution regulations of the
local authorities; and
(d) the state of the bilges.
4.3.2 Officers in charge of the engineering watch must:
(a) in emergencies, raise the alarm when in their opinion the situation so demands, and take all possible measures to prevent damage to the ship, persons on board and cargo;
(b) be aware of the deck officer’s needs relating to the equipment required in the loading or unloading of the cargo and the additional requirements of the ballast and other ship stability control systems;
(c) make frequent rounds of inspection to determine possible equipment malfunction or failure, and take immediate remedial action to ensure the safety of the ship, of cargo operations, of the port and the environment;
(d) ensure that the necessary precautions are taken, within their area of responsibility, to prevent accidents or damage to the various electrical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic and mechanical systems of the ship;
(e) ensure that all important events affecting the operation, adjustment or repair of the ship’s machinery are satisfactorily recorded.
5 Guidance on keeping a Watch
5.1 Particular guidance may be necessary for special types of propulsion systems or ancillary equipment and
for ships carrying hazardous, dangerous, toxic or highly flammable materials or other special types of cargo. The chief engineer officer should provide this operational guidance as appropriate.
5.2 It is essential that officers in charge of the engineering watch appreciate that the efficient performance of engineering watchkeeping duties is necessary in the interest of the safety of life and property at sea and of preventing pollution of the marine environment.
5.3 The relieving officer, before assuming charge of the engineering watch, should:
(a) be familiar with the location and use of the equipment provided for the safety of life in a hazardous or toxic environment;
(b) ascertain that materials for the administration of emergency medical first aid are readily available, particularly those required for the treatment of burns and scalds; and
(c) when in port, safely anchored or moored, be aware of:
(i) cargo activities, the status of maintenance and repair functions and all other operations affecting the watch; and
(ii) the auxiliary machinery in use for passenger or crew accommodation services, cargo operations, operational water supplies and
exhaust systems.
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